Light-sensitive emulsions containing color formers capable of yielding nonmigratory azine dyestuffs



Patented Oct. 2, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFlC-E LIGHT-SENSITIVE EMULSION S CONTAINING COLOR FORMER/S CAPABLE OF YIELDING NONMIGRATORY AZINE DYESTUFFS Albert C. Starke, Jr., Easton, Pa., assignor to General Aniline & Film Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware N Drawing. Application December 23, 1947, Serial No. 793,530

7 Claims.

in photographic emulsions by color-forming development of exposed emulsions in the presence of an aromatic color-former containing in the 1-position an amino group and in metaposition thereto the grouping-NI-IZ wherein Z is a substituent more electronegative than hydrogen, for instance, a sulfonyl group. It is pointed out in this application that upon color-forming development of exposed light sensitive metal salt emulsions in the presence of such color-formers, there is first obtained a quinoneimine dyestuii image which is subsequently split with the elimination of the grouping -HZ and ring closure to the desired azine clye. This application also indicates that aromatic phenolic color-formers may also be employed, providing that in metaposition to the color-forming phenolic hydroxyl group there be present the grouping -NH- sulfonyl aryl. The phenolic type color-formers are not as active in the formation of the azine dyes as the amine type color-formers and it is only when the radical Z in the above group is aryl sulfonyl that the desired splitting and ring closure of the quinoneimine to the azine dyes takes place readily.

* It is possible in the color-formers of said earlier application to employ as radical Z a component or group which is capable'of rendering the color-formersnon-migratory in the emulsions. However, inasmuch as such group is eliminated during the formation of the azine dye, it has been found that in many instances the azine dye is migratory although the component from which it is produced is non-migratory.

We have now discovered that color-formers capable of yielding nonemigratory azine dyestuff images by color-forming development are those aromatic compounds containing in the 1-position a phenolic hydroxyl or an amino color-directing group, in the 3-position the grouping --NHSO2R and in another position of the ring other than the 4-position a radical similar to the aforesaid NHSO2R group, R being aliphatic or aromatic and being capable of rendering the component fast to diffusion in photographic emulsions.

When employing color-formers of this type one of the groupings -NHSO2R in meta-position to the color-directing group is eliminated as in the prior work of Schmidt and Sprung. However, the other grouping of similarv nature isretained and by virtue of its retention the azine dye formed on color development is precluded from,

migrating from one emulsion layer to another. Light sensitive emulsions containing color-formers of this character accordingly constitute the purposes and objects of the presentinvention.

The compounds which we contemplate herein for use in the emulsions may be characterized by the following formula:

wherein R is primary amino, alkylamino, such as, methylamino, ethylamino, and the like, dialkylamino, such as, diethylamino, dimethylamino, and the like, or hydroxyl, X is RSO2NH-,

RS onus-- and RS OzNHQ CH2- aminoethyl, decylsulfonamidoethyl, dodecylsulfonamidoethyl and the like, or an aromatic radical which is substantive to photographic colloids or contains a radical containing at least ll) car bon atoms, such as, diphenyl, stilbene, phenoxyphenyl, alkylaminophenyl, i. e., decylaminophenyl, laurylaminophenyl, stearylaminophenyl, and the like, alkylphenyl, such as, decylphenyl,

lauryl-phenyl, kerylphenyl (the product obtained (4) OH by condensing chlorinated kerosene with benzene in the presence of aluminum chloride), and the like, acylaminophenyl, such as, decoylaminophenyl, lauroylaminophenyl, myristoylamino- 5 018K375 020x815;a7

phenyl, myristoylsulfamyl, stearoyl sulfamyl, and

the like. 3,5-di-(stearylsulfon-amido)-phenol In the compounds as indicated above the radi- (5) mega),

cal X may be present in any unoccupied position excepting the 4-position where reaction takes place between the color-former and the oxidation products of the primary amino developing agent. CmHnSOzNH Nnsozomml The 4-p0sition may be occupied by groups cap- 7 able of being replaced during the'coupling reac- 3.5-di-(decylsulfonamido)-N,N-dimethylaniline tion, e. g., halogen, sulfo, azo, etc. (6) NH:

Examples of compounds embraced by the above formula and which I have found to be suitable for my purpose are the following: 011E350 ONHCHzCHzSOQNH mnsmomonmnoomm NH, 3,5-di- (stearoylamidoethylsulfonamid'o -aniline V (7) NH,

' CnHnSOnNH C15H37S O2NH- N'HS 020 51131 NHSOzCnHzs 3,5-dioctadecylsulfonamido) -aniline 2,5-di- (Iaurylsulfonamido -aniline NH: (8) (ilfl NH-S O2C|5Ha1 01211258 O2NH- NHS 020 21125 NH-SOzCmH 7 3,5-di- (laurylsulfonamido -aniline V 2.3-di- (octadeeylsulfonamido)-phenol 012E250 O-C -S 021m masm-O-oomrmm 6 3,5-di- (p-laury1carbamylbenzenesulfonamido) -aniline 01311210 OHNQS OzHN- NHS OY-QNHCOCHHH 3, 5-di- (p'-myristoy1ami dobenzenesulfonamido -aniline 2,5-di- (p-myristoylaminobenzenesulfonamido) -aniline (12) (3) V HNCzH5 N(CH3)2 019E375 OQNH NHS 02CmHa7 5 CHEN-OS OzHN NHS OzOCuHn 3,5-di- ('stearylsulfonamido) -N-ethylaniline 3,5-di- (p-myristylbenzenesulfonamide) -N,N-

dimethylaniline i .3 .5-dip-stearoylaminobenzenesulfonalnido) -pheno1 5 6 (1 pound when the 1-position of the color former contains a di-substituted amino group since in that event there is no possibility of reaction be- SOmH tween the group in l-position and the long chain NBS 6 sulfonyl chloride. In compounds containing primary and secondary amino groups, the reaction I with sulfonyl chlorides has been found to take SOQNHWH SOQNHWH" place with the primary amino group. Similarly,

2,5-(11-(m-myristylsulfamylbenzenesulfonamido)-pl1enol when the 00101 former is a ph l n y Start 3,5-di(p-dlphenylsulfonamldo)-anlline 2.5-di-(p-stilbenesulfonamido)-phenol NH directly with a 1-hydroxy-phenylenediamine to produce the desired color formers. The following is illustrative of a method of producing, for instance, the first compound listed Ciz 2s 0fl NO O MW above. A mixture of 333.4 parts of octadecyl bromide, 145 parts of sodium sulfite and '150 parts 1 amino 34, di (laurylsulmnammo) dipheny1 of water are placed in a bomb. After treating 8) NHQ 3,5-d1- (p-plienoxybenzenesulfonamido) aniline (19) with nitrogen the mixture is heated to 200 C. N112 and maintained at this temperature for 24 hours.

The bomb is cooled and the semi-solid White,

CnHWO-SMHN- waxy material contained therein is removed.

The solid is extracted with petroleum ether and NHSOz-C|2 2s dried in a vacuum oven.

139 parts of the sodium octadecyl sulfonate 2,5-dl-(p-laurylbenzenesulfonylamin0)-aniline obtained as above are added slowly to 180 parts NH 5 of phosphorus pentachloride. The mixture is stirred and heated on a steam bath for 36 hours 0 H so EN whereupon 200 cc. of petroleum ether are added. z The mixture is filtered through a Biichner fun-1 NHSOQCNHW nel, the filtrate clarified by treatment with carbon black and the mixture heated. The filtrate 1 amm0 3'4, di (mynstylsulfummmo),diphenylmethane is distilled to remove a portion of the solvent and then chilled to yield a grayish white solid. The aforementioned compounds may be pro- A mixture of 12 parts of the octadecyl sulfonyl duced by reactions conventional in the art. For chloride produced as above, 100 cc. of ether, 3 instance, compounds of the type of Examples 1 parts of 1-nitro-3,5-phenylenediamine and 2.8 a 2 a d Similar compounds are Obtained y cc. of pyridine are mechanically stirred while reacting a lnitro-phe ylenediamine with a long heated on a steam bath. After refluxing for 24 chain alkyl sulfonyl chloride followed by reduchours the ether is removed by distillation. 50 tion of the nitro group to an a no group. The parts of water are added to the residue and the long chain sulfonyl chloride is produced by the resulting mixture heated to remove the unrereaction of phosphorus pentachloride with the acted amine and pyridine. The mixture is cooled Corresponding lo g chain sulfonate which is in to room temperature and the product resulting turn formed by reaction of the corresponding removed by filtration. long chain bromide with sodium sulfite. 2 parts of the resulting 3,5-di-(octadecylsul- It is unnecessary to start from the nitro comfonamido) nitrobenzene are dissolved in a mixture of -'cc. of 2-N-sodium-hydroxid'e in 100 parts of distilled water. One-tenth gram of platinum oxide is thereupon added and the resulting mixture'reduced by the application of a pressure of 60 pounds in a Parr hydrogenation apparatus. After the reduction of the nitro compound iscomplete the resultant colorless solution is filtered to remove the catalyst. The filtrate is neutralized with about ;2.5 cc. of Z-N-hydrochloric acid. The resulting precipitate is filtered off and dried. The product obtained is the desired 3.5-di- (octadecylsulfonamido) -aniline.

The compounds of the type of those of Examples 15, 16 and the like can be obtained in an analogous manner by employing the arylsulfonylchloride in lieu of the alkylsulfonylchloride.

The compounds of the type of those of Example then be saponified with regeneration of the amino groups and that these then be reacted With the long chain acyl chloride followed by reduction of the nitro group. The difiiculty of producing the compounds directly is attributable to the problems involved in working with such high molecular weight compounds, as for instance, myristoylaminobenzenesulfonyl chloride.

The following procedur illustrates how compounds of the type of Example may be suitably repared:

A 500-cc. B-neck round-bottom flask equipped with stirrer, reflux condenser and solid dropping funnel was charged with 7.0 g. (0.045? mole) of 5-nitro-m-phenylenediamine (prepared from trinitrobenzene by the method of Fliirsheim, J. pr. Chem. 71, 538 (1900)), 100 cc. of benzene, 100 cc. of pyridine. To this mixture at room temperature was slowly added 23.3 g. of (0.10 mole) p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride (freshly prepared by the method recorded in Gilman Collective Volume I, p. 8) while the reaction mixture was stirred vigorously. Reaction started immediately upon addition of the p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride as shown by the separation of a dark oil. After 30 minutes the temperature began to fall. The mixture was heated to'slow reflux for 3 /2 hours and thenchilled and the upper layer was decanted from the heavy brown oil. The oil was added to 400 cc. of water and the mixture heated to remove the solvents by steam distillation. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to pH 10 by the addition of 19% sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture was heated for 5 minutes longer; then chilled and acidified with 10% hydrochloric acid. The resultant solvent was filtered on? and dissolved in dilute 10% sodium hydroxide. The solution was treated with norite, filtered and the filtrate acidified with 19% hydrochloric acid. The resultant yellow solid \z'eighed 22.1 g. and melted at 292 C. (decomposition).

A mixture of 16.5- parts of l-nitro3.5-di-(pacetylaminobenzenesulfonamido) benzene prepareda's described immediately above, 20 parts of sodium hydroxide and 200 parts of distilled 8 water are refluxed for 2 hours. The mixture is filtered and neutralized with dilute hydrochloric acid, the solvent recovered by filtration and dissolved in 150 cc. of hot alcohol containing 20 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The resulting solution is heated for 20 minutes and then cooled to room temperature. A 5% sodium hydroxide solution isadded to the mixture until it possesses a pH of 4.. On permitting the solution to coolslowly, tan crystals are separated which are filtered ofi and air dried. The product so obtained is l-nitro3,5-di-(p-aminobenzenesulfonamido) -benzene.

A mixture of lO.6parts of said compound, cc. of pyridine and 11.4 parts of myristoyl chloride is refluxed gently while stirring for 2 hours whereupon 500 parts of water are added. The solution is heated to remove the pyridine by steam distillation. The residue is cooled and 100 parts of water added thereto, the residue solidified and the resultant solid is recovered and dis-' solved in 300 cc. of hot ethyl alcohol. Thismixture was diluted with 100 parts of distilled water the di-sulfonyl chloride of meta-benzene di sulfonic acid and reacting the resulting compound with myristyl amine.

The azine dyes are produced from the aforementioned color-forrners in two reactions which may take place spontaneously or in an observable sequence, the first reactioninvolving the formation of 'the 'quinoneimine dye from the colorformer and the oxidation products of a primary aromatic amino developer and the second involving ring closure of the quinoneimine to the azine. The azine compounds so formed may be present as the anhydride of the free base. Upon acidification, however, the true azine salt is formed which possesses a characteristically brilliant color. For efiecting acidification there may be used inorganic or'organic acids, such as, hydrochloric, phosphoric, sulfuric, trichloroacetic, acetic, benzenesulfonic acid, and the like.

The color formers in which the color directing group is phenolic hydroxyl do not form the azines as readily asthe corresponding compounds containing an amino group as the color-directing group. We, have ascertained that ring closure of the quinoneimines obtained from the phenols can be facilitated by an additional treatment before the acidification step,'such as, by immersing the color developed film in a dilute solution'of an alkali, such as, sodium hydroxide.

The developers employed with the"; 0016i;- formers are of the'primary aromatic amine type, preferably phenylenediamine, such as, p-aminodimethylaniline, paminodiethylaniline, and the like.

The course of the reaction in which it is possible to observe definite steps maybe illustrated by the following equation involving the reaction between the oxidation products of 'aminodi- 91 methylaniline and 3,5-di-(p-myristoylaminobenzenesulfonamido) aniline:

cc. of a photographic emulsion and the emulsion coated on a suitable base. The film thus ob- AgX where I-IX is an acid of the type heretofore mentioned.

Inasmuch as the color-formers contain groups rendering them non-migratory in photographic emulsions they must be employed while dispersed in said emulsions. The resulting emulsions may be used for the purpose of producing negatives, reversed images and negative or positive prints.

The color-formers are admirably suited for use in the photographic emulsions for the reason that they are non-difiusing, have an extremely high purity and are alkali soluble. As a consequence they may be readily dissolved in water containing a small amount of alkali and dispersed in the photographic emulsions.

The azine dyes produced from the colorformers are stable toward light and chemical reagents and hence are an improvement over the usual quinoneimine or azo methine dyes formed by color-forming development. The characteristic hump of the magenta quinoneimine dyes produced from parazolones is not noted in the azine-type dyestuffs. Consequently, transmission in the red region is greatly improved.

The following examples will serve to illustrate the invention but it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto:

Example 1 A mixture of .25 gram of 3.5-di-(p-myristoylaminobenzenesulfonamido)-aniline, 1 cc. of distilled Water and 1 cc. of Z-N-sodium hydroxide solution was ground until the solid completely dissolved. The resulting mixture was stirred into tained was exposed and developed in the following developer:

Parts Water 1000 Sodium sulfite .5 p-Diethylaminoaniline 2.5 Sodium carbonate .1 Potassium bromide 2.5

A silver plus orange dyestuff image was thus obtained. After removal of the silver by bleaching in potassium ferricyanide solution and treatment of the resulting film with a 10% phosphoric acid solution, a magenta dye image was obtained.

Instead of developing the exposed film in a color-forming developer it may be developed to give a black and white negative image. The residual silver halide is then exposed and colordeveloped with the above solution. After working up the film as above a reversed magenta azine dyestufi image is obtained.

Example 2 The procedure is the same as in Example 1 excepting that there is used as the color-former 3,5-di-(tetradecylsulfonamido)-aniline. A magenta azine dyestuff image is thus obtained in this instance also.

Example 3 The procedure is the same as in Example 1 excepting that there is used 3,5-di(p-:myristylbenzenesulfonamido) N,N dimethylaniline. A magenta azine dyestuff image is also obtained in this instance.

' Example 4 The procedure is the same as in Example 1 excepting that there is used as the colon-former 3,5 di (p stilbenesulfonamido) phenol. A magenta azine dyestuff image is also obtained.

I claim:

1. A photographic silver halide emulsion cap-- able of yielding azine dyestuff images upon exposure and color development with a primary aromatic amino developer containing as the color former a compound of the following formula:

wherein R is a member of the class consisting of amino and phenolic hydroxyl groups, X is a member selected from the class consisting of groups of the following formula:

and

3. A silver halide emulsion containing as a color former fast to diffusion and capable of yielding azine dyestufi images on color-forming development, the compound 3,5 di (octa decylsulfonamido) -aniline.

The photographic silver halide emulsion as defined in claim 1 wherein R is an aliphatic radical containing at least ten carbon atoms.

5. The photographic silver, halide emulsion as defined in claim 1 wherein R is a group which is substantive to gelatin.

6. The photographic silver halide emulsion as defined in claim 1 wherein R is an aromatic radical containing an aliphatic group of at least ten carbon atoms.

'7. The process of producing azine dye images in a photographic silver halide emulsion, which comprises exposing the emulsion of claim 1 and developing it with a primary aromatic amino developer.

ALBERT C. STARKE, JR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,367,531 Salminen et al Jan. 16, 1945 2,389,575 Kirby et a1. Nov. 20, 1945 2,423,730 Salminen et al July 8, 194.7

FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 503,752 Great Britain Apr. 11, 1939 

1. A PHOTOGRAPHIC SILVER HALIDE EMULSION CAPABLE OF YIELDING AZINE DYESTUFF IMAGES UPON EXPOSURE AND COLOR DEVELOPMENT WITH A PRIMARY AROMATIC AMINO DEVELOPER CONTAINING AS THE COLOR FORMER A COMPOUND OF THE FOLLOWING FORMULA: 